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Ethnic Prejudice and Anti-Immigrant
Policies In Times of Economic Stress: Mexican Repatriation from the United
States, 1929-1939
WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Urban, Labor And Metropolitan Affairs By Dr. Jorge L. Chinea Ethnic Studies Department Published in East Wind/West Wind (Winter 1996) P.9-13, 16. Footnotes
1) Ronald Takai, From Different Shores: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity
in America, 2nd. Edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994),
9-35.
2) See CO Researcher, 2. no. 16 (April 24, 1992), 363-381.
3) Carey McWilliams, North From Mexico: The Spanish: Speaking of the
United States (New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1949), p.60.
4) Ibid., p.47. CI. Leonard Pitt, The Decline of the Californios:
A Social History of the Spanish-Speaking Californians, 1846-1890 (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1966), passim.
5) See Victor S. Clark, "Mexican Labor in the United States,"
Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor Bulletin, No. 76 (1908),
477-478; Emory Bogardus, The Mexican in the United States (Los
Angeles: University of Southern California, 1934), passim; and Carlos
E. Cortes, ed., The Mexican American and the Law (New York: Arno
Press, 1974), passim.
6) David F. Gomas, Somos Chicanos: Strangers in Our Own Land (Boston;
Beacon Press, 1973), p.67.
7) Maria Dolores Diaz de Krofcheck and Carlos Jackson, "The Chicano
Experience with Nativism in Public Administration," Public Administration
Preview 34. No. 6 (November-December 1974), 536.
8) Carey McWilliams, "Getting Rid of the Mexican," The American
Mercury, 28, No.3 (March 1933), 322-324.
9) Beatrice Griffith, American Me (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company,
1948). p. 115.
10) John H. Burma, Spanish-Speaking Groups in the United States
(London: Duke University Press, 1954), p. 86
11) Leo Grebier, Joan Moore, and Ralph Guzman, The Mexican-American
People: The Nation's Second Largest Minority (New York: Free Press,
1970), pp. 523-538.
12) Leo Grebier, Mexican Immigration to the United States: The Record
and Its Implications (Los Angeles: University of California, 1965),
pp. 25-28.
13) Abraham Hoffman, "Mexican Repatriation Statistics: Some Suggested
Alternatives to Carey McWilliams," Western Historical Quarterly,
3. (October 1972), 404.
14) United States Congress, Immigration from Countries of the Western
Hemisphere: Hearing Before the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization,
House of Representatives. Seventieth Congress, First Session. 1928.
pp. 7-10.
15) Ibid., p.43.
16) United States Congress, Restriction of Western Hemisphere Immigration:
Hearings Before the Committee on Immigration, United States Senate,
Seventieth Congress, First Session, 1928, pp. 2-3.
17) Ibid., p.7.
18) D.H. Dinwoodie, "Deportation: The Immigration Service and the
Chicano Labor Movement of the 1930's," New Mexico Historical Review,
Lii. No. 3 (1977). 193-206; Phillip Stevenson, "Deporting Jesus,"
The Nation, 143 (July 18, 1931), 67-69.
19) Ibid., p. 22.
20) Ibid., p. 26.
21) United States Congress Immigration from Countries of the Western
Hemisphere, op. cit, pp. 127-137.
22) See Mercedes Carreras de Velasco, Los Mexicanos que Devolcvio
la Crisis, 1929-1932 (Mexico: Sacretaria de Relaciones Exteriores,
Coleccion del Archivo Historico Diplomatico mexicano, 1974).
23) Ricardo Romo, "Responses to Mexican Immigration, 1920-1930,"
Aztian-International Journal of Chicano Studies Research, 6. No.
2 (1975), 185.
24) Excelsior, February 16, 1928, p. 5.
25) Ibid., February 28, 1929, p. 1.
26) Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Memoria de la Secretaria
de Relaciones de Agosto de 1928 a Julio de 1929, Tomo 3 (Mexico: Imprenia
di la Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, 1929), p. 1589.
27) Ibid., July 8, 1929, pp. 1;8.
28) Ibid., July 24, 1929, p. 5.
29) Ibid., January 2, 1930, pp. 1;4.
30) Mark Reiser, By the Sweat of their Brow: Mexican immigrant Labor
in the United States, 1900-1940 (Westport, Connecticut; Greenwood
Press, 1976), p. 157.
31) New York Times, January 25, 1930, p. 17.
32) Ibid., July 17, 1931, p. 16
33) United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census
of the United States, Population, 1930, p. 6.
34) New York Times, January 6, 1931, p. 5.
35) Abraham Hoffman, "Stimulus to Repatriation: The 1931 Federal
Deportation Dive and the Los Angeles Mexican Community," Pacific
Historical Review, 42 (May 1973), 205-219; see also by the same author,
"The Federal Bureaucracy Meets a Superior Spokesman for Alien Deportation,"
Journal of the West, 14 , No. 4 (October 1975), 91-106; for contemporary
opinions of Secretary Doak see, Gardner Jackson, "Doak the Deportation
Chief," The Nation, CXXXII (March 18, 1931), 295; Reuben Oppenheimer,"
The Deportation Terror," New Republic, LXIX (January 13, 1932),
231; and Roger W,. Babson, Washington and the Depression: Including
the Career of W.N. Doak (New York, 1932), passim.
36) Norman S. Goldner, "The Mexicans in the Northern Urban Area,"
Minneapolis; M.A. thesis, University of Minnesota, 1959, quoted in Matt
S. Meier and Feliciano Rivera, eds., Readings on La Raza: The Twentieth
Century (New York: Hill and Wang, 1974), p. 93.
37) New York Times, April 12, 1931, pp. 5-6.
38) Ibid., December 8, 1931, p. 22.
39) Ibid., July 9, 1932, p. 7.
40) Ibid May 25, 1938, p. 1.
41) Ibid., July 23, 1939 (Section IV), p. 9.
42) Ibid., December 2, 1938, p. 9.
43) Ibid., August 20, 1939, p. 14.
44) Emma Reh Stevenson, "The Emigrant Comes Home," The Graphic
Survey, 66, No. 3 (May 1, 1931), 175-177, passim.
45) Robert N. McLean, "the Mexican Return," The Nation,
135 (August 24, 1932), pp. 165-6. See also his essay, "Goodbye, Vicente,"
The Survey, 66 (May 1, 1931), pp. 182-83.
46) Osgood Hardy, "Los Repatriados," Pomona College Magazine,
21. No. 2 (January 1933), 72.
47) Bogardus, "Mexican repatriates," Sociology and Social
Research, 18 (November-December 1933), 171-172.
48) Manuel Gamio, Mexican Immigration to the United States: A Study
of Human Migration and Adjustment, (Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press, 1930), p. 236.
49) Ibid., p. 237.
50) Bogardus, "Mexican Repatriates," 174-175.
51) Gary S. Becker, "Illegal Immigration: How to Turn the Tide,"
Business Week, February 23, 1993, p. 23.
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